孔院微课堂 | 多彩龙江
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（本文转载自《孔子学院》中英双语版（黑龙江刊）2023年第4期/总第80期）
多彩龙江
Colorful Heilongjiang
享有“避暑胜地”“冰雪之冠”美誉的黑龙江，一直是天南海北的人们向往的旅游胜地。在地域上，黑龙江位于中国东北部，是中国位置最北、纬度最高的省份，是中国陆路通往俄罗斯和欧洲大陆的重要通道。
Heilongjiang, a renowned summer retreat and a winter wonderland, has always been a highly soughtafter destination for people from all around the globe. Situated in the northeastern part of China, it holds the distinction of being the country’s northernmost province, with the highest latitude. It plays a crucial role as a gateway connecting China to Russia and the European continent by land.
良田沃土（Fertile farmland）
黑龙江的特色首先是“黑”。这里的“黑”就是黑土地，是大自然在漫长的历史变化中形成的沃土，通常只在温带湿润气候、草原草甸植被条件下形成。大概在有人类活动之前，这里地表的青草一年年枯荣往复，在地表层逐渐积累形成厚厚的有机质，千万年后，可以耕作的黑土地才形成，因此每一厘米黑土地都需要数百年的积累。黑龙江有全世界最好的黑土地，土层厚度最大可达两米；黑龙江的黑土面积占全国黑土总面积的45.7％，是保障全国粮食供应的重要基地。东北平原上的“北大仓”以盛产优质大豆、小麦、玉米和高粱等作物而声名远播。漫步在黑土地上，顺手抓起一把黑黝黝的土壤，使劲儿一攥，仿佛能流出油来。当地人喜欢用“一两土二两油”来形容黑土的肥沃与珍贵。
One of Heilongjiang’s notable characteristics is its abundance of “black”, a reference to the region’s fertile black soil. This unique soil is formed over an extensive timespan in grasslands and meadows under temperate and humid conditions. Before the advent of human settlements, the region bore lush grasslands that flourished, withered, and regrew in endless cycles. Each cycle deposited a rich layer of organic matter, eventually amassing over millions of years into the fertile black soil. Thus the formation of every centimeter of black soil symbolizes the passage of hundreds of years. Heilongjiang boasts the world’s finest black soil, with a maximum thickness of up to two meters. 45.7% of China’s total black soil area can be found in Heilongjiang, making it a vital base for the country’s food supply. Often referred to as the Great North Breadbasket on the Northeast Plain, the province is renowned for its high-quality crops, including soybeans, wheat, corn, and sorghum. When walking on the black soil, if you were to pick up a handful and squeeze it tightly, it would almost feel as if oil could flow out. The locals describe the fertility and value of the black soil using the phrase “one gram of soil, two grams of oil”.
冰雪之乡（Land of ice and snow）
黑龙江的特色还有“白”。冬天的白雪使黑龙江呈现出另一番面貌。最近几年非常火热的旅游胜地雪乡，就位于牡丹江市长白山脉张广才岭与老爷岭交汇处。这里全年有近七个月的雪期，白雪深度可达两米，一脚踩进去，整个人都要被淹没了。在冷暖气流的交织下，这里形成了“夏无三日晴，冬雪漫林间”的独特气候，积雪在风力的作用下也形成了“雪蘑菇”一样的迷人景观，人们走入其中仿佛置身冰雪童话世界。
Heilongjiang is renowned for its stunning whiteness. The snowy landscapes of winter showcase a different facet of Heilongjiang’s beauty. One of the most popular tourist spots in recent years is the Snow Village, nestled at the intersection of Zhangguangcai Ridge and Laoye Ridge in Mudanjiang City, within the Changbai Mountains. This place receives nearly seven months of snowfall each year, with snow depths reaching up to two meters. Stepping into the snow, you can’t help but feel engulfed by its embrace. Thanks to the interplay of cold and warm air currents, this location enjoys a unique climate, characterized by “no three sunny days in summer and snow-filled forests in winter”. The accumulated snow, shaped by the winds, forms enchanting landscapes reminiscent of “snow mushrooms”. Setting foot in this place feels like stepping into a world of ice and snow fairy tales.
黑龙江还有被誉为“世界上最大的冰雪狂欢嘉年华”的太阳岛雪博会，其举办地是中国开发最早、规模最大的以雪为主题的冬季主题游乐园。这里不仅有雪滑梯、冰上自行车等游乐项目，每年还要举办国际雪雕大赛。来自世界各地的雪雕艺术家纷纷展示出他们创作的一件件具有不同地域特色和民族风格的雪雕精品，为人们带来世界顶级的艺术享受。黑龙江还有驰名中外的哈尔滨冰雪大世界，作为世界上最大的冰雪乐园，这里是享誉国内外的最佳冬季旅游目的地。每年冬季，冰雪大世界为人们展现冰与雪的极致浪漫，不仅有晶莹剔透的冰雪艺术雕塑，还有幻彩炫目的灯光特效，再加上惊险刺激、场面宏大的冰上魔术、冰上杂技、冰上芭蕾等演出节目，让人们在寒冷的冬季体验冰雪活动的魅力和乐趣。
Heilongjiang is home to the renowned Sun Island International Snow Sculpture Art Expo, the world’s largest ice and snow carnival. This expo stands as China’s earliest and largest winter-themed amusement park centered around the magic of snow. Here, you can indulge in various recreational activities like snow slides and ice cycling. Each year, an international snow sculpture competition takes place here, where artists from around the globe showcase their exquisite creations, each representing unique regional characteristics and ethnic styles. This event offers visitors a top-notch artistic experience. Heilongjiang is also globally acclaimed for the Harbin Ice and Snow World, the largest ice and snow park in the world and a highly sought-after winter destination. During the winter season, the park unveils the romantic beauty of crystal-clear ice and snow sculptures, dazzling light effects, as well as breathtaking performances of ice magic, ice acrobatics, and ice ballet. These activities provide people with an opportunity to immerse themselves in the charm and joy of ice and snow amidst the cold winter.
五彩之秋（Autumn in all its splendor）
每年秋季，走进大兴安岭，总会为大自然的五彩缤纷所感染。暖阳下，人们在铺满金黄树叶的草坪上，一边欣赏中俄界江风情，一边静听着鸟儿欢唱，感受树叶飘落的浪漫。这里有生长了好几百年的樟子松、落叶松、黑桦树、山丁子和柳树等，它们组成的混交林倒映在清澈见底的湖面上，与蓝天白云浑融一体，宛若人间仙境。驻足远望，山林秋色在阳光的照射下层次丰富、蔚为壮观；山水相映，形成一幅多彩绝美的秋景图。
Every autumn, as you set foot in the Greater Khingan Range, you can’t help but be captivated by the beauty of nature. Bathed in the warm sunlight, people lounge on lawns blanketed with golden leaves, savoring the enchantment of the border river between China and Russia. The melodic chirping of birds fills the air, adding to the symphony of falling leaves and creating a romantic atmosphere. Here, a diverse array of ancient Mongolia scotch pines, larches, birch trees, Siberian crab apple trees, and willows grace the landscape. Their mingling forest is mirrored in the crystal-clear lake, blending with the azure sky and white clouds to create a heavenly scene. As you pause to take in the scenery, the mountains and forests adorned with autumn hues come alive under the sunlight. The interplay between the majestic mountains and the glistening water forms a vibrant autumn tableau.
夏之极光（Northern lights in summer）
“有村名北极，无客不南来。”喜欢观赏北极光的游客，可以到黑龙江漠河市北极镇来，这里是中国的最北端，与俄罗斯隔江相望，是最佳的观测点。北极村素有“金鸡之冠” “神州北极”和“不夜城”之美誉。极光现象通常在后半夜出现，人们要在凌晨一点左右出门等待极光的出现。最好的观测季节是夏季，这里几乎 24 小时都是白昼，登山远眺可以看到远处既像傍晚又像黎明的北极光。
“There is a village called Beiji, and every traveler from the south arrives there without fail.” If you’re a fan of observing the Northern Lights, the Beiji Village in Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province, is an absolute must-visit. Situated at the northernmost part of China, facing across the river from Russia, it offers the best vantage point for observing this natural phenomenon. Beiji Village is renowned as the “crown of the golden rooster”, the “North Pole of China”, and the “city that never sleeps”. The Northern Lights typically make their appearance after midnight, so visitors need to venture out around one o’clock in the morning and patiently await the enchanting aurora. The ideal season for observing this spectacle is summer when the region experiences nearly 24 hours of daylight. By scaling mountains and gazing into the distance, one can witness the Northern Lights, which bear resemblance to both twilight and sunrise.
凭借独特的地理位置和旅游资源，黑龙江成为国内外游客打卡的胜地。冬季滑雪，夏来避暑。期待更多的人在这片黑土地上，体验穿行雪中白桦林的惊险，感受漫步五彩斑斓原始森林的美妙！
With its exceptional geographical location and abundant tourist attractions, Heilongjiang has emerged as a popular destination for both Chinese and international travelers. Whether you’re into winter skiing or looking for a summer getaway, this land of fertile black soil beckon you. Here, you can embrace the thrill of navigating through snow-covered birch forests and explore the beauty of vibrant, untouched woodlands!
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作者：陌上尘 Mo Shangchen
翻译：李睿 Li Rui
美术编辑：刘美洋（实习）
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